"IRA" Zone

Preposition of Time

2010-12-27T20:25:00.002+07:00

Preposition of Time

at is used with:

· Clock time : at 5 o’clock

· Mealtime : at breakfast, at lunchtime, etc

· Religious festival : at Christmas, at Easter, at Lebaran Day

· Specific period : at night, at weekend

In is used with:

· Part of the day : in the morning, in the evening

· Months : in June, in July

· Seasons : in autumn, in summer

· Years : in 2010

· Centuries : in the nineteenth century

on is used with:

· Days : on Monday, on Tuesday

· Particular days : on his wedding day

· Dates : on (the) 20^th (of) June

For is used to say how long something continuous to happen

e.g. Anita was in Cilacap for three months

Since is used to say when something started to happen

e.g. Nely has gone since 5 o’clock

During is used to say a period of time in which something happens

e.g. During this course program, I will not go to Jakarta

From…..to/till/until…, and between…..and…. are used to say the beginning and end of a period of time.

e.g. - I will follow this course from October 2010to/till/until April 2011

- You can meet me between Thursday and Friday every week.

Before and After

e.g. - After dinner, I will watch TV

- She arrived before 5 o’clock

Exercises

Ø Complete these sentences using at, in, or on.

1. The train will arrive … 6 o’clock.

2. Can you meet me … lunchtime? – Sure.

3. I am planning to go … Sunday morning.

4. ASEAN was founded … 1967.

5. The birds sing … the morning.

6. … the winter of 1945, German was defeated by the Alleged Forces.

7. In Europe we have our weekend break … Saturday and Sunday, but … the Middle East the weekend is … Thursday and Friday.

8. My mother used to go shopping … weekend.

9. … the anniversary of our company, we have to wear batik.

10. I am getting married … December.

Ø Use the prepositions in brackets to complete the following sentences.

1. Autumn lasts … ..four months, ..… June …… October. (to, from, for)

2. The last time we went to England was ….. ..1983. It was ….... summer holiday. We haven’t been back …….. then even though our friends have often invited us. (during, in, since)

3. We have a break …… one hour, …… 12 o’clock …… 1 o’clock. (from, to, for)

4. ……. 1996 …… 1998, the revenue of our company decreased. But, …… 2000 it rose 30%, and ……. then it is continuously increasing. (since, and, in, between)

5. ….… the last 3 years, Linking Park is very popular among teenagers. The group was founded… … 1996. This year, they will be in Indonesia ….… ten days, …… 1^st …… 10^th September. (for, in, from, to, for)

Gerunds

2010-12-24T16:10:00.000+07:00

Gerunds

Gerunds adalah bentuk “ing” dari satu kata kerja (missal: speaking, playing, swimming, understanding, etc). Jadi gerunds dibentuk dari kata kerja. Gerunds merupakan materi yang menarik karena sering digunakan dalam percakapan sehari-hari. Dalam membicarakan gerunds , pertama kita harus mengetahui kata-kata yang diikuti dengan gerunds

Ø Admit
Ø Appreciate
Ø Advice
Ø Anticipate
Ø Avoid
Ø Complete
Ø Consider
Ø Delay
Ø Discuss
Ø Dislike
Ø Excuse
Ø Enjoy
Ø Finish
Ø Forget
Ø Can’t help
Ø Keep
Ø Mention
Ø Mind
Ø Miss
Ø Postpone
Ø Practice
Ø Quit
Ø Recall
Ø Recollect
Ø Recommend
Ø Regret
Ø Remember
Ø Resent
Ø Risk
Ø Stop
Ø Suggest
Ø Tolerate
Ø Understand

Common mistake/Kesalahan umum

Ø He enjoys to travel yang benar adalah He enjoys travelling.

Ø I don’t mind to be disturbed while I’m working yang benar adalah I don’t mind disturbing

Aturan umumnya bahwa setelah kata depan (preposition) kata kerja yang mengikutinya harus dalam bentuk “-ing” (gerunds). Penggunaan gerunds ini baik dalam kalimat aktif maupun kalimat negative.

Contoh :

Ø They talked about playing tennis in US open.

Ø He is interested in speaking like native speaker.

Ø John is in charge of organizing the meeting.

Ø We object to changing our plants at this late date.

Ø I look forward to finishing my study next year.

Hanya sekilas semoga bermanfaat

taken from Jodith Rusmajadi (Terampil Berbahasa Inggris)

Adjective Clause

2010-12-24T12:34:00.000+07:00

ADJECTIVE CLaUSE

Adjective Clause adalah kata ganti penghubung yang digunakan untuk membentuk sebuah kalimat yang berasal dari buah kalimat sehingga klausa yang diawali relative pronoun berfungsi untuk menerangkan kalimat yang terletak didepanya.

Relative pronoun yang digunakan sbb:

a. Who

Digunakan sebagai kata ganti orang yang berkedudukan sebagai subject.

Example,

The girl is happy.

She won the mathematic Olympiad.

Ø The girl who won the race is happy.

The men are angry.

The men are in this room.

Ø The men who are in this room are angry.

Nisa got scholarship.

She always studies hard.

Ø Nisa who got scholarship always studies hard.

b. Whom

Digunakan sebagai kata ganti orang yang berkedudukan sebagai Object.

Example,

Mr Budi is a English teacher

The students call him Mr. Is.

Ø Mr Budi whom the students call him Mr.Is is a English Teacher.

The man is always angry.

I don’t like him very much.

Ø The man whom I don’t like very much is always angry.

Akbar lives in Sidoarjo

My friends chose him as a leader

Ø Akbar whom My friends chose as a leader lives in Sidoarjo.

c. Which

Digunakan untuk menggantikan frase benda/ binatang baik yang berkedudukan sebagai Subject dan Object.

Example,

I saw a dog

The dog was beaten by the boy.

Ø I saw a dog which was beaten by the boy.

The book is mine.

It is on the table.

Ø The book which is on the table is mine.

d. Whose

Digunakan untuk menggantikan frase yang menyatakan kepunyaan (possessive).

Example,

The man called the polce

His wallet was stolen.

Ø The man whose wallet was stolen called the police.

Eko’s wife is being hospitalized now.

Her health hasn’t been so good lately.

Ø Eko’s wife whose health hasn’t been so good lately is being hospitalized now.

The cat is very expensive.

It’s fur is very beautiful.

Ø The cat whose fur is very beautiful is very expensive.

e. That

Digunakan untuk menggantikan frase orang maupun benda baik yang berkedudukan sebagai subject dan object.(sama penggunaanya dengan who, which dan whom)

1. The girl is very pretty.

I met her yesterday.

Ø The girl that/whom I met yesterday is very pretty.

2. I loves Anne.

She is very pretty.

Ø I loved Anne that/who is very pretty.

3. The car is new.

He bought it last week.

Ø The car that/which He bouight last week is new.

f. Whom dan Which as object of preposition.

Digunakan sebagai object preposisi dimana hanya whom dan which yang bisa digunakan.

Example;

The man was very kind

I told to him last nigt

Ø The man whom I told to last night was very kind or

Ø The man to whom I told last night was very kind.

The music was good

We listened to it yesterday

Ø The music which we listened to yesterday was good or

Ø The music to which we listened yesterday was good

the Students are studying in SMA N 1

Most of them are from out of town

Ø The students most of whom are from out of town are studying in SMA N 1

LATIHAN SOAL

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

1. The singing contest participants, only fife of …. Will be selected to enter the grand final are now waiting for the jury’s decision.

A. whom D. which

B. whose E. these

C. them

2. “Look at the beautifully carved doors of that house.”

“Well, in fact it is the house ….”

A.. which I was born

B. I was born in this house

C. In which I was born

D. I was born there

E. Where was I born

3. These tourist, _ are Japanese, were among the crowd participating in the “dangdut” dance.

A. there are many

B. many of them

C. whose many

D. many of whom

E. they who

4. We sometimes miss the neighborhood …. we grew up.

A. in which

B. in where

C. which

D. that is

E. that

5. Participants of the state university entrance …. Are high – school graduates from Java competing for all limited number of seats.

A. which most of them

B. a greater number

C. most of whom

D. the majority

E. a lot of them

6. Helen introduced me to her former lecturer …. She married after she had graduated.

A. whom D. with whom

B. whose E. of which

C. which

7. ‘Who is Ismail Marzuki?’

‘Well, he’s the composer …. People consider one of the greatest in Indonesia.’

A. whom D. who

B. to whom E. of whom

C. with whom

8. “Whom did you invite to this meeting?”

“The managers …. Reports you read this morning.”

A. whom D. whose

B. of whom E. of which

C. which

9. The books on this shelf, … Are about child education, belong to my sister –in-law.

A. which of most

B. in which

C. that of most

D. most of which

E. of which

10. Did I tell you about the girl … I met during the student demonstration last week?

A. who D. of which

B. whose E. with whom

C. whom

11. The student are collecting money, food and clothes for the people … houses were destroyed in the fire last week.

A. who D. that

B. whom E. which

C. whose

12. ‘Have you ever heard of this village?’

‘Of course, it is the village ….’

A. where I was born

B. I was born

C. I was born there

D. Which I was born

E. When I was born

13. Teenager delinquency, … people are now complaining, has become a popular topic discussed among psychologist.

A. whom that

B. in which

C. whom

D. about which

E. which

14. ‘These are all government offices.’

‘… is your father’s?’

A. which D. why

B. when E. what

C. whose

15. Student ….. will be awarded scholarships.

A. who pass with excellent grades

B. they pass with excellent grades

C. they who pass with excellent grades

D. pass with excellent grades

E. to pass with excellent grades

16. ‘I visited the University of California last year.’

‘That’s the place … my brother is studying now.’

A. which D. whom

B. when E. where

C. whose

17. These scholarships will be given to students …

A. which passed the selection test

B. whose selection test passed

C. they passed the selection test

D. who have passed the selection test

E. have passed the selection test

18. ‘Is everybody graduated from SMA I invited to the party?’

‘Well, the party is exclusively for those …’

A. they graduated in 1990

B. were 1990 graduates

C. to whom are 1990 graduates

D. who graduated in 1990

E. the 1990 graduation

19. Sydney, … is more than three and half million, is Australia’ largest city.

A. whom the population

B. that the population

C. whether the population

D. the population of it

E. the population of which

20. Doctors agree …. Patients should try to reduce taking medicine for slight headaches.

A. whether D. how

B. which E. what

C. that

21. This is the best picture of my brother …. I have ever taken.

A. whom D. which

B. of which E. whose

C. where

22. ‘Who won the Ford Foundation scholarship?’

‘The high school student …. The City Council had chosen as the best student.’

A. he who D. which

B. whose E. of which

C. which

23. My father’s assistant,….., is indeed a very pretty and intelligent woman .

A. of which he always talks about

B. he always talks about her

C. whom he always talks about

D. about her he always talks

E. who always talks about her

24. I’ve lost the piece of paper ….

A. I wrote Ida’s address on it

B. On it I wrote Ida’s address

C. That I wrote Ida’s address on it

D. Ida’s address I wrote on it

E. On which I wrote Ida’s address

25. My sisters put their money in the bank …. I work.

A. whom D. who

B. which E. where

C. what

TAKEN FROM MANY SOURCES

Tenses

2010-12-24T11:33:00.006+07:00

TENSES

PEMBAHASAN

Cara Menghafal 16 Tenses

	PRESENT (Sekarang)	PAST (Lampau)	FUTURE (akan datang)	PAST FUTURE (akan datang diwaktu lampau)
SIMPLE	*VERB 1 S/ES*	*VERB 2*	*WILL + VERB 1*	*WOULD + V1*
CONTINUES (sedang berlangsung)	*TO BE 1 + VERB ING*	*TO BE 2 + VERB ING*	*WILL + BE +\| …*	*WOULD + BE + …*
PERFECT (sudah terjadi)	*HAS/HAVE + V3*	*HAD + V3*	*WILL + HAVE + …*	*WOULD + HAVE + …*
PERFECT CONTINUES (sudah sedang terjadi)	*HAS/HAVE + BEEN + VERB ING*	*HAS/HAVE + BEEN + VERB ING*	*WILL + HAVE + …*	*WOULD + HAVE + …*

Basic of Tenses

VERB I (Present )	VERB II (Past)	VERB III (Perfect)
Read Put Cut Teach Sleep Go Sit …	Read Put Cut Taught Slept Went Sat …	Read Put Cut Taught Slept Gone Sat …

TO BE 1(present)	TO BE 2(past)	TO BE 3(perfect)
Is Am Are	Was Were	Been

Modal Aux

PRESENT	PAST
Can May Must Have to Will (future)	Could Might Must Had to would

Note:

1. Simple Present Tense.

· Pola : S + V1 + O

· Untuk Subject bentuk ketiga tunggal, V1 + s/es

· Singular Expression dianggap tunggal: each, every, one of….

· Meaning:

a. Menyatakan Habitual Action/Kebiasaan atau kegiatan yg terjadi berulang-ulang dan atau terus-menerus.

· My sisters lives in Cirebon

· Everynight the watchman turns on all the lights and walks around the building every half an hour.

· I go running three times a week.

b. Menyatakan general truth/kebenaran umum

· The sun rises in the east.

· The earth revolves around the sun

c. Membicarakan hal yg akan terjadi dimasa datang ( yg berkenaan dengan jadwal, program, acara atau kegiatan lain yg terencana)

· We begin lesson next week.

· Opening ceremony starts at 7.30.

· The train arrives at 8.14.

· Adverbial Frequency : always, usually, often…

2. Present Continues Tense.

· Pola : To be 1 + V ing + O

· Meaning:

a. Menyatakan kegiatan yg sedang berlangsung sekarang (now) atau around the time of speaking.

· Listen! He is singing a good song

· Fini is having dinner now

b. Menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang akan terjadi segera.

· Akbar is leaving for france tomorrow

· I am visiting a friend in the hospital

c. Stative Verbs: Kata kerja yang tidak bisa dalam bentuk continues.

Know hear want

Understand love taste

Realize believe seem

See hate smell

Need remember forget

· Adverbial Time: Now, at present, …

1. Simple Past

· Pola : S + V2 + O

· Meaning:

Menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang terjadi pada waktu lampu.

· I walked to school yesterday

· He lived in Paris two years ago.

· They bought a new car three days ago

· Menggunakan Conjungtion :When.

Menyatakan 2 kegiatan yg terjadi yg dihubungkan dengan When. Kegiatan pertama terjadi lalu diikuti kejadian kedua.

· When she heard a strange noise, she got up to investigate.

· When I dropped my cup, the cooffe spilled on my lap.

· I stood under a tree when it began to rain

· Adverbial Time: Yesterday, Last…,…Ago

2. Past Continues.

· Pola : S + To be 2 + V ing + O

Meaning:

Menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu lampau saat kegiatan lain terjadi di waktu lampau. ( menggunakan When/While)

· The engine was running when it suddenly stopped.

· When Izza came home, Mother was cooking in the kitchen.

· While I was studying in one room of our apartment, somebody opened the window.

· I was walking down the street, it began to rain

· Adverbial Time: Yesterday, Last…, …ago.

1. Present Perfect Tense

¨ Pola: S + Have/Has + V3 + O

¨ Meaning:

· Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang telah selesai dilaksanakan (sekarang atau unspecific time in the past)

- We have already written our reports. (we are not writing it anymore)

- Ira has already read the entire book. (she is not reading it anymore)

- Have you ever visited Palestine?

- I have never seen snow

· Untuk menyatakan situasi yang dimulai diwaktu past dan berlanjut di present ( biasanya menggunakan Since/for)

- I have been here since seven o’clock.

- We have been here for two hours

- I have known him since I was ten years old.

- We have known him for many years.

2. Present Perfect Continues.

¨ Pola: S + Have/Has + Been + V ing + O

¨ Meaning :

· Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang dimulai pada waktu lampau, sekarang masih berlangsung dan ada kemungkinan masih akan terus berlangsung diwaktu akan dating.

- John has been working in Washinton for three years

- Over the past few years, medical doctors have been searching for a drug to control the Aids virus.

- One of my friends has been working in your company since he graduated.

- All these years, Ira’s family has been living in poverty.

· Averbial time: For, Since, All day, All week, over

1. Future Continues

· Pola : S + will/shall + be + V-ing

· Meaning:

· Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung diwaktu akan datang.

Example:

1. Football begins at 7.30 and ends at 9.15. Tom will be watching the match at 8.30.

2. Right now I am sitting in class. At the same time tomorrow. I will be sitting in class.

3. Don’t call me at home at nine because I won’t be at home. I will be studying in English Course.

4. This time next week I will be sailing to Netherlands.

· Adverbial time : Tomorrow, next…,

2. Future Perfect Continues

Pola : S + will + Have + V3

· Meaning:

Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang akan sudah berlangsung diwaktu akan datang.

Example:

1. By the end of the year, Ummi will have graduated from SMU

2. When Umar retires, His daughter will have finished her study

3. By the time He comes, Anisa will have finished having dinner.

4. please call me at 9 am, because I will have gone home from Al Hikmah

· Adverbial Time : When, By the time, as soon as….

Contoh Narrative Text

2010-12-24T10:56:00.000+07:00

Two wise men of Korea were talking together one day.

One asked the other, “Can you name two brothers living close together who never saw each other?”

“No, I can’t,” the other wise man replied.

“The answer’s simple, “ said the first wise man. “Your ears.”

“Very well,” the second wise man replied. “Let me tell you a story now of two brothers who did meet.

“Once upon a time, there were two brothers who worked as farmers growing rice. They were both very good to each other.

“One year, the elder brother had some rice to spare.

“He thought, ‘I’d better give some to my younger brother. He has a large family to feed.’

“That night, he carried a large sack of rice to his brother’s house. He left it outside the door.

“The next day, he went to his store to count the remaining sacks of rice. He was surprised. He still had the same number as before.

“How is it possible?” he asked himself. ‘I’d better take another sack of rice to my brother’s house tonight.’

“So that night, after dark, he carried another sack of rice to his brother’s house.

“Once more, the next morning, he counted the number of sacks of rice left in his store. He still had the same number as before.

“ ‘I can’t believe it,’ he said. ‘All right, I’ll take another sack of rice to my brother’s house tonight.’

“That night, for the third time, he went to his brother’s house carrying a sack of rice on his back.

“The moon was very bright. He saw someone carrying a sack of rice coming towards him. It was younger brother.

“ ‘Why, it’s you, younger brother,’ he called out.

“His younger brother stopped and put down the sack of rice he was carrying.

“Without saying any more, they both understood what had happened. They laughed for a long time.”

1. Read the story. Choose the best answer from the brackets.

a. The two brothers were (good friends) (afraid of each other) (living together)

b. (The elder brother) (The younger brother) (Both brothers) had extra rice.

c. The elder brother met his younger brother (carrying a sack of rice) (at a shop) (in his house)

The Buffalo and The Monkey

A monkey wanted to cross a river to eat some bananas on the other side. Unfortunately, he did not know how to swim. He asked a buffalo to carry him across on his back.

“All right,” said the buffalo. “Jump on. I’ll swim across. There’s some very tasty grass on the other side which I would like to eat.”

So the monkey rode on the buffalo’s back across the river. When they reached the other side, the monkey jumped off. He ran to eat as many bananas as he could. The buffalo was quiet happy eating the long grass.

After some time, the monkey wanted to return home. He asked the buffalo to take him back. But the buffalo told him to wait a little longer as he had not yet finished eating.

The naughty monkey began to sing. He made such a loud noise that a farmer, who was working in a nearby field, came to see what was the matter. He shouted at the buffalo, “Thief! Thief! Why are you eating my grass?” He threw some stones at the buffalo.

When the farmer had gone, the monkey came out from where he had been hiding. The buffalo was holding his sore head. He had been hit by a stone.

“Oh, oh! Why did you make so much noise? If you had kept quiet, the farmer wouldn’t have noticed me.”

The buffalo asked him to sit on his back to return across the river.

When they were halfway across, the buffalo said to the monkey, “I want to roll over and take a bath here.”

“Please don’t! The monkey begged. “I can’t swim.”

“That’s not my fault,” replied the buffalo. “You like to sing and make a noise. I always like to roll over in the water. It’s so cool and pleasant and it will cure my headache.’

Without saying any more, he rolled over in the water.

Luckily, the monkey was holding on tightly otherwise he would have drowned.

When they reached the other side, the monkey jumped down from the buffalo’s back. He was very wet and frightened.

“I shall never give you any trouble again,” he promised the buffalo.

Read the story. Choose the best answer from the brackets.

1. The monkey wanted to cross the river to (play with the buffalo) (eat some fruit) (make a noise).

2. The farmer threw stones (at the monkey) (in the river) (at the buffalo).

3. The buffalo had a sore (throat) (foot) (head)

The Buffalo and The Monkey

A monkey wanted to cross a river to eat some bananas on the other side. Unfortunately, he did not know how to swim. He asked a buffalo to carry him across on his back.

“All right,” said the buffalo. “Jump on. I’ll swim across. There’s some very tasty grass on the other side which I would like to eat.”

After some time, the monkey wanted to return home. He asked the buffalo to take him back. But the buffalo told him to wait a little longer as he had not yet finished eating.

When the farmer had gone, the monkey came out from where he had been hiding. The buffalo was holding his sore head. He had been hit by a stone.

“Oh, oh! Why did you make so much noise? If you had kept quiet, the farmer wouldn’t have noticed me.”

The buffalo asked him to sit on his back to return across the river.

When they were halfway across, the buffalo said to the monkey, “I want to roll over and take a bath here.”

“Please don’t! The monkey begged. “I can’t swim.”

“That’s not my fault,” replied the buffalo. “You like to sing and make a noise. I always like to roll over in the water. It’s so cool and pleasant and it will cure my headache.’

Without saying any more, he rolled over in the water.

Luckily, the monkey was holding on tightly otherwise he would have drowned.

When they reached the other side, the monkey jumped down from the buffalo’s back. He was very wet and frightened.

“I shall never give you any trouble again,” he promised the buffalo.

Read the story. Choose the best answer from the brackets.

1. The monkey wanted to cross the river to (play with the buffalo) (eat some fruit) (make a noise).

2. The farmer threw stones (at the monkey) (in the river) (at the buffalo).

3. The buffalo had a sore (throat) (foot) (head)

THE TORTOISE

WHO LIKED TO BOAST

There were three good friends, a tortoise and two birds, who lived by a lake in Tibet. One year, there was no rain. Day by day, the water in the lake became less and less. The three friends did not know what to do.

The two birds told the tortoise, “Everyone is moving to the Lake in the Sky. I think we had better move too, other wise we shall die of hunger and thirst. What do you think?”

“How can I travel so far?” replied the tortoise. “You can easily fly there but I have no wings.”

The tortoise cried so hard that the birds felt sorry for him.

“All right,” they said. “We can take you with use.”

“How can you do that?” asked the tortoise.

“We can hold two ends of a stick in our mouths. You can hold on the middle. We can then all fly together to the Lake in the Sky.”

“Yes, yes, “ the tortoise cried. “What a good idea!”

“But you must be careful not to open your mouth while we are flying.”

“Of course not,” reply the tortoise. “If anyone speaks to me, I shall not answer them.”

So they started on their journey the next morning. The birds held the two ends of the stick. The tortoise held the middle of the stick with his mouth.

Soon they were on their way, flying over high mountains covered with snow, over dark forests, and farms.

On the earth, some farmers planting rice pointed up at them. “What a clever tortoise! He lets the birds carry him.”

Neither the birds nor the tortoise said anything. The tortoise felt very happy to hear the farmers praise him.

They flew on and on towards the Lake in the Sky.

Some children looking after some cattle on a hill shouted at them.

“What clever birds! They are carrying the tortoise to the Lake in the Sky.

The birds did not say anything but the tortoise felt angry.

He wanted to answer the children, “Stupid fools!” Don’t you know that I was I who though of the idea? I’m much more clever than the birds.” So he opened his mouth to shout back at them, “Hi…”

As soon as he did so, he fell straight to the ground.

Read the story. Choose the best answer from the brackets.

1. The two birds told the tortoise there was (no food or drink) (food but no drink) (plenty to drink).

2. The birds felt sorry for the tortoise because he was (very hungry) (crying) (sick).

3. The tortoise was happy to hear the (the farmers praise him) (birds praise him) (children praise him).

The Greedy Monkeys

A family of monkeys lived in a forest in South China. They often came out to play. They liked to drink wine and wear red shoes. A hunter knew they lived in the forest and wanted to catch them. The monkeys were very clever. They always ran away when they saw him coming.

One day, the monkeys were all playing together. Suddenly one of them thought he could smell some wine.

“Ai-yaah! What a lovely smell! Where is it coming from?” he cried.

The monkeys soon found that it was coming from a large jar at the side of the path. There were several pairs of red shoes also next to the jar. The leader of the monkeys said, “We must be careful. I’m sure the hunter is playing a trick on us.”

Another monkey asked, “Why should he place such beautiful shoes by the side of the jar?”

As he spoke, he scratched his foot which began to itch. Yet a third monkey advised them, “We have not so far been caught by the hunter because we have been careful.”

The old monkey who was their leader said, “You’re right. We must be very careful. We don’t want the hunter to catch use.”

“Stupid old hunter!” he cried out loudly. “Do you really think you can catch us?”

All the other monkeys started to shout, “Silly old hunter! Stupid old hunter!” until their throats were quite dry. They all stood in a circle around the wine jar and red shoes. They did not know what to do. No one wanted to leave. Some of them licked their lips. Others scratched their feet.

“Can we taste just a little of the wine?” one of the monkeys asked.

“I would like to try on a pair of slippers,” another monkey cried. “They look so comfortable.”

Without saying anymore, all the monkeys rushed towards the wine jar and opened it.

“Ai-yaah! What a marvelous smell! We’re really very lucky! What wonderful wine!”

At first the monkeys tasted the wine with their tongues only. Soon they started to swallow large quantities of it.

Some of them put on the red shoes and jumped and danced in them. Others who had drunk too much wine fell to the ground.

Suddenly there was a loud noise from the forest. It was the hunter.

Some of the monkeys tried to run away. But they could not do so because the shoes were tied together.

It was very easy for the hunter to catch them. He tied all of them up.

“We’re really very unlucky,” one of the monkeys said. Another monkey answered, “We can only blame ourselves. We were too greedy.”

Read the story. Fill in the blanks.

1. Some monkeys lived…………..a forest. They liked……………….play. They always ran away………..the hunter. One day they came……………….of the forest. They saw some red shoes next…………..a wine jar. They put them……………….. They opened……………wine jar and drank some…………..the wine.

2. Write three or four more sentences to finish the story.

THE COUNTRY OF THE MICE

There was once a king who ruled a large country in which there lived a great number of mice. One year there was not enough rice. The mice were very hungry. The king of the mice put on his best clothes and went to see the king of the country.

“Good morning, Mr. Mouse,” said the king. “What can I do for you?”

“O King, we do not have enough rice. We would like to borrow some from you. If you can lend us what we need, we shall repay you next year.”

“How much do you want?”

“About one hundred bags,” answered the mouse.

“Your Majesty, we shall find a way.”

The king ordered one hundred bags of rice to be given to the mice. The mice bit through the bags. They carried away the rice in their mouths. When the king looked the next morning, he was surprised to find the rice had disappeared.

The next year, the king went to war with a neighboring country. His army was not very strong. It lost every battle. The army of the other country reached the opposite side of the river. They were ready to attack the capital.

“Who can help me?” asked the king. He sent for the king of the mice.

The mouse asked the king to place thousands of sticks each one-foot long, by the side of the river.

The next night, all the mice used these sticks as boas to carry them across the river. The soldiers of the other country were fast asleep when the mice quietly entered they camp. Some of them threw the soldiers swords and guns into the river. Others ate their food. Yet others bit their toes. The soldiers woke up. They did not know what had happened. They could not find their swords and guns and they thought they had been attacked by the king’s soldiers. They ran away as fast as they could.

The king quickly asked the king of the mice to come to see him.

“Mr. Mouse, you have saved my country,” he said. “Please tell me what you would like in return.”

The mouse replied, “O King, we only want to live in peace. Please send away all the cats from your country.”

The king did as he was asked. He gave orders for all the cats to leave immediately.

The king of the mice thanked the king. “Cats are our worst enemy,” he said. “We can now live very happily for the rest of our lives.”

Read the story. Choose the best answer from the brackets.

1. Mr. Mouse asked the king for some (money) (rice) (boats).

2. The mice helped the king fight his enemies because they were (grateful) (hungry) (amused).

3. The mice crossed the river by (ferry) (swimming) (floating on sticks).

THE SPARROW WITH NO TONGUE

Once upon a time, there lived an old man and his wife. The old man was very kind but his wife was very fierce. The old man kept a sparrow in a cage in the kitchen. One day, the sparrow ate some rice which had been left in the kitchen. The old man’s wife was very angry. She immediately cut out the sparrow’s tongue. The sparrow flew away through an open window.

When her husband returned home, he found that the sparrow had gone. He asked his wife what had happened.

“Your sparrow stole some food. So I cut out its tongue to teach it a good lesson.”

The old man was very sad. He decided to try to find out where the sparrow had gone.

He traveled all over the country, calling out in a loud voice, “Mr. Sparrow! Mr. Sparrow! Where are you?”

Finally, he found out where the sparrow was living, and he went to see him. The sparrow asked him to come in to meet his wife and children.

“Please sit down and make yourself comfortable,” the sparrow said. “I hope you can stay to dinner.”

After dinner, the old man asked to be excused as he was living a long distance away.

Before he left, the sparrow brought out two boxes. He told him to choose one of them as a present. The old man chose the smaller of the two. When he arrived home, his wife scolded him. “Where have you been? I’ve been looking for you everywhere.

“Oh!” replied her husband. “I discovered where the sparrow is living. He gave me this present.”

His wife opened the box. It was full of gold and silver.

She smiled and said to her husband, “I think I’ll also go to see the sparrow.”

When she arrived at the sparrow’s house, she called out, Mr. Sparrow! How are you? I’ve been worrying about you for a long time. I’m so pleased to see you again.”

The sparrow invited her inside for dinner. Mrs. Sparrow was very kind to the old lady. She cooked an excellent meal. Sparrow, perhaps you would like to give me a present to take away? I can then always remember you.”

The sparrow brought out two boxes. The greedy old woman chose the larger one.

When she reached home, she called out to her husband, “Come out! Hurry up! See what the sparrow has given me!”

When she opened the box, she found that it only contained stones.

Read the story. Choose the best answer from the brackets.

1. The old man kept (a sparrow) (some baby sparrows) (two sparrows).

2. The sparrow’s tongue was cut out by (the old man’s wife) (the old man) (a doctor).

3. The sparrow gave the old man (two boxes containing gold and silver) (one box containing stones) (one box containing gold and silver).

THE KING’S JUDGEMENT

Once upon a time, there was a poor man named Juan. He led a very hard life and often had no food to eat.

One day, when he was feeling very tired and hungry, he passed by the house of a rich merchant called Pedro. Pedro was cooking some food which smelled very good.

“Ah!” thought Juan, “The smell of that food makes me fell better.”

He went to thank Pedro for allowing him to smell the food.

“You have smelled my food,” said Pedro, “so you must pay me for it.”

“I’m sorry,” replied Juan, “but I don’t have any money.”

“I don’t care. You must pay me something.”

“All right,” said Juan. “Let’s go to see the king. We can ask him the settle the matter for us.”

They set out together for the king’s palace. On the way they met a young man named Manuel. He was trying to pull his horse out of a ditch.

“Please help me pull my horse out of the ditch,” he begged them.

Pedro did not want to help. But Juan helped Manuel by pulling the horse by its tail.

He pulled so hard that the tail came off in his hand.

“Look what you’ve done!” cried Manuel. “You’ll have to pay me for my horse’s tail or find a new tail.”

“I’m only a poor man,” said Juan. “How can I pay you any money or find a new tail for your horse? I was only trying to help you.”

“Please come with us to see the king. We can ask him to settle the matter.

When Juan, Pedro and Manuel arrived at the palace, Juan explained to the king what had happened.

The king kept quiet for some time. He then ordered one of his servants to bring in some silver coins. He placed them on the table in front of him.

“Smell them,” he ordered Pedro. “Juan was happy to smell your food. So you will have to be happy to smell the money.”

Pedro did as he was told. He afterwards left the palace without saying another word.

The king then turned to Manuel. “is it correct that you want Juan either to pay you some money or to find a new tail for your horse?” he asked.

“Yes, Your Majesty.”

“In that case,” said the King, “You must lend your horse to Juan until it grows a new tail.”

Juan was very pleased with the King’s decision. He left the palace riding the horse. Manuel walked home in silence.

Read the story. Choose the best answer and write it in the space.

1. Juan took Pedro and Manuel to (see the King) (have dinner) (the police station).

2. Juan took Manuel’s horse because he (wanted it) (was told to do so by the King) (was given it by Manuel).

3. Pedro wanted Juan to pay him some money because he (had tasted his food) (smelled his food) (was a rich man).

4. Juan wanted the King to settle the matter for him because he (thought the King would be fair) (was the King’s relative) (knew the King did not like either Manuel or Pedro).

THE MAGIC STICK

There was a very clear lake in Yunnan and some farmers living nearby kept cows. Every morning, they brought ninety-nine cows to the lake to drink. But, in some strange way, by midday there would be one hundred. A beautiful girl always appeared at the same time. Nobody knew where she came from. The farmers liked her very much. She knew many things and could tell them wonderful stories.

“There is a magic cow among your cattle,” she told them. “Water will part and make a road when it walks on it. It can also walk on top of water. A single hair from its body can carry a very heavy weight.”

The farmers asked her which one was the magic cow. She refused to tell them. “Anyway,” she added, “only an honest man can find out.”

One day, the cows were looking for some corn to eat. The old man looking after them chased them away with a stick. The stick was old and cracked, as he had been using it for many years. He did not notice that some cow’s hair had become caught in the cracks.

At the end of the day, when he got ready to return home, he hung two baskets of firewood on the stick. He was surprised to find it was so light to lift. “Eh!” he cried. “What has happened?” He added another basked at each end. It was just as light. He added more and more baskets. Still it was not difficult to lift. He ran all the way home.

From then on, the old man used to cut wood and take it to the city to sell every day. He got more money than the needed. He was able to save some money for the first time in his life.

One morning, when he was going to the city to sell his wood, he met a rich man. The rich man was surprised to see him carrying such a heavy load. “How can you carry such a heavy weight?” he asked.

“This is a magic stick.”

The rich man did not believe him. He asked the old man to let him try. It was true! It was very light. “I’ll give you five hundred pieces of gold for the stick,” he said.

The old man took the money. It was enough for him for the rest of his life. He gave the rich man the magic stick.

The rich man was very happy. He noticed, however, that the stick was cracked. He took it to a carpenter and asked him to repair it. The carpenter used an axe to cut off the part which was cracked. He cut away the magic cow hairs at the same time.

The rich man told his wife that evening about the magic stick. He asked her to try it. He put a weight at each end of the stick. His wife tried to lift it but she could not. “What kind of magic stick is this?” she cried. “You’re dreaming. It’s just like any other stick.”

“Women!” said the rich man. “They know nothing.” He tried to lift but he was unable to do so. The magic had left the stick for ever.

Read the story. Now answer the following questions.

1. How many cows did the farmers bring to the lake every morning?

2. Why were there one hundred cows by twelve o’clock?

3. Why were the baskets of firewood so easy to lift?

4. Why did the old man sell the magic stick to the rich man?

5. What happened to the stick afterwards?

6. What was the reason for this?

HOW THE FROG DEFEATED THE GIANT

A giant lived by himself in a hut in the forest. One night, it was raining very heavily. The giant could not sleep because some frogs were making a loud noise. “Ong!” “Ang!” “Ong!” “Ang!” “Ong!”

He became very angry. He rushed outside to find them. It was so dark, he could not see where he was going. He stepped on some red ants and killed them. At the same time, he stepped on a snake and broke its back. With his arm, he knocked down a bird from a tee and broke its beak.

A last, he found the frogs. They were having a party near a river. He quickly killed them. He then returned home and slept until morning.

There was, however, a lady frog who had not been killed. She had been in a hole looking after her eggs when he had killed the other frogs.

She thought, “the giant is so wicked! He will certainly kill my children when they grow up. I must do something now to stop him.”

She hopped out from the hole to look for her friends.

Soon she met Mr. Red Ant who was crying.

“What’s the matter, Mr. Red Ant?” she asked him.

“It’s the giant. He’s killed all my friends and relatives. I am the only ant left.”

“It’s the same with me,” Mrs. Frog told him. “I’m all alone in the world except for my babies. We must do something to teach the giant a good lesson.”

Not long afterwards, Mrs. Frog and Mr. Red Ant met the snake with the broken back and the bird with the broken beak. She listened to their story. They both agreed to go with them to punish the giant.

“But we’re all too small and weak to fight the giant,” Mrs. Frog said. “We must obtain help from our stronger and bigger friends like Mr. Tiger and Mr. Elephant.”

Mrs. Frog, followed by Mr. Red Ant, Mr. Snake and Mr. Bird, went to see Mr. Tiger.

Mr. Tiger greeted her warmly,, “It’s good to see you, Mrs. Frog. What can I do for you?”

“I would really like to help you but I’m getting too old to fight. I fought with the giant once before but he was too strong for me. But I shall ask my son to help you.”

He called his son. “Yes, father,” answered his son, looking hungrily at Mrs. Frog. “Do you want me to swallow Mrs. Frog?”

“Don’t talk like that,” his father replied. “Mrs. Frog is an old friend. I want you to help her fight the giant.”

Mrs. Frog followed by Mr. Red Ant, Mr. Snake, Mr. Bird and Master Tiger then went to see Mr. Elephant.

“I shall be very glad to help you,” promised the elephant.

“The giant has always been very wicked to me. whenever I meet him, he twists my tail. It’s very painful.”

Mrs. Frog gathered all her friends around her. She told them exactly what to do. After she had finished, she said, “We shall have to wait until it’s dark. The giant will not be able to see us coming then.”

After sunset, they all went to giant’s hut.

The red ant ran inside the front door. The snake and the bird entered by the back door. The snake hid himself in the kitchen behind a jar of water and the bird near he fire. The tiger and elephant waited outside.

The red ant climbed straight into the giant’s ear. He bit it as hard as he could. The giant screamed in pain. He ran into the kitchen to find a light so that he could see what had happened to him. As he bent down over the fire, the bird threw some dust into his eyes. He was blinded. He wanted to wash his eyes in the jar of water but snake bit his hand. The elephant then shook the hut. It seemed as if it would fall down.

The giant was very frightened. He did not know what to do. He ran out of the back of the hut, towards the river. The tiger ran after him. Although the tiger jumped on him, the giant was too strong for him and he escaped. But he ran so fast that he slipped and fell into the river. Eh was carried away by the water and never seen again.

Read the story. Now answer the following questions.

1. Did the giant live by himself?

2. Why was the giant angry with the frogs?

3. Why did Mr. Tiger not go with Mrs. Frog?

4. What did the red ant do to the giant?

5. How did the giant die?

Semoga Bermanfaat

Active & Passive Exercise

2010-12-24T10:44:00.000+07:00

Simple Present Tense

Change the active sentences to passive ones.

Example : He opens the door.

The door is opened by him.

1. Christine builds a beautiful house in London.

2. My mother cooks salmon fish in the kitchen.

3. They make furniture in the field.

4. We read history book in the class.

5. The barber washes Elo’s hair.

6. The twins wear blue dress.

7. He buys a beautiful large house for me.

8. She loses her keys.

9. Your friend writes a romantic novel.

10. She plays the piano beautifully.

Change the passive sentences to active ones.

Example : - The guitar is played by Dewa Bujana in the concert today.

- Dewa Bujana plays the guitar in the concert today.

1. Indonesian language is spoken by Indonesian to communicate.

2. My car is bought by him.

3. The letters are sent by her.

4. Television programs are watched by many people in this country.

5. The delicious cakes are made by them.

6. The broken door is repaired by us.

7. The thief is arrested by the policeman in Hilton Street.

8. A bicycle is ridden by her.

9. Jobs are done by them.

10. The coffee is drunk by him everyday.

Simple Past

Change the active sentences to passive ones.

Example : - The teacher corrected our homework yesterday.

- Our homework was corrected by the teacher yesterday.

1. He mailed the letters last night.

2. The police arrested them two days ago.

3. A doctor examined him.

4. He taught students last year.

5. Ants bit Ani’s neck.

6. They read my English exercises book yesterday.

7. The guests knocked on the door hardly.

8. My idol gave me a present.

9. She erased the blackboard.

10. He drove the car to school.

Change the passive sentences to active ones.

Example : - Biology book was read by her at the library.

- She read biology book at the library.

1. Fried rice was eaten by my children yesterday.

2. Novels were written by Shakespeare.

3. A cup of coffee was drunk by her before class.

4. Some books were bought by them.

5. Meat was eaten by tiger in the cage.

6. The card was played by us last night.

7. The shoes were stolen by naughty boy.

8. He was called by my roommate’s parents to come to their house.

9. We were helped by our teacher to do this task.

10. The music was played by them.

Present Perfect.

Change the active sentences to passive ones.

Example : - My parents have helped their relatives.

- Their relatives have been helped by my parents.

1. You have finished her work.

2. He has written the letter for his sweetheart.

3. She has eaten the food.

4. We have visited “Buckingham” palace.

5. He has built a beautiful house in the village.

6. Robert has given that book for Tina.

7. Their family has rented that apartment.

8. She has seen you.

9. I have written a poem for my mother.

10. The dog has bitten your left hand.

Change the passive sentences to active ones.

Example : - The car has been driven by my son.

- My son has driven the car.

1. The lemonade has been made by the waiters.

2. Those tables have been lifted by them.

3. Florida has been visited by our family.

4. “Orchid Book” has been sold 100 exemplars by the agent.

5. My hair has been cut by the barber.

6. That bone has been eaten by dog.

7. Mice have been killed by him.

8. The clock has been repaired by us.

9. Milk has been drunk by her.

10. The brown chairs have been made by them.

Future Tense

Change the active sentences to passive ones.

Example : - The maid will help you to clean the floor.

- You will be helped by the maid to clean the floor.

1. He will buy rings to engage her.

2. They will open their new shops.

3. He is going to sell his dog.

4. They will pay their apartment after they got salary.

5. He is going to rent new house in Luxemburg.

6. We will visit her house after class.

7. She will give some foods for her cat.

8. The secretary is going to pick the phone up.

9. She will explain the fact to the police.

10. I am going to watch soccer in the television.

Change the passive sentences to active one.

Example : The book will be borrowed by her

She will borrow the book.

1. It is going to be signed by her.

2. The window will be broken by them.

3. The petition will be made by both countries.

4. The bicycle is going to be fixed by him.

5. The bird will be eaten by the cat.

6. The dog will be caught by the thief.

7. The film is going to be started by actress.

8. The class will be opened by our headmaster.

9. She will be invited by me to come to my party.

10. My name will be listed by them in the new telephone directory.

Present Continuous

Change the active sentences to passive ones.

Example : - The secretary is copying some letters.

- Some letters are being copied by the secretary.

1. Ronaldo is playing football in the field.

2. We are making shoes.

3. She is reading romantic novel in the bedroom.

4. You are singing beautiful songs.

5. She is looking at your picture.

6. We are playing music in our concert.

7. Molly is reading an article in the newspaper.

8. Our teacher is teaching history in the class.

9. I am drinking cola.

10. We are wearing uniform in this ceremony.

Change the passive sentences to active ones.

Example : - A new hospital is being built by them.

- they are building a new hospital.

1. Borobudur temple is being visited by many people from many countries.

2. The tower is being designed by her.

3. The article is being written by them.

4. A glass of milk is being drunk by her.

5. An ambulance is being called by someone.

6. Those tables are being made by us.

7. Calculus lesson is being taught by my teacher.

8. They are being invited by us to a party.

9. Stamps are being collected by her in her album.

10. Newspapers are being distributed by distributor.

Past Continuous

Change the passive sentences to active ones.

Example : - The cover bed was being fixed by her.

- She was fixing the cover bed.

1. I was being embraced by my mother.

2. The “Origin of Species” was being written by Charles Darwin.

3. The meeting was being cancelled by the director.

4. Hammers were being sold by people at a hardware store.

5. The telephone was being invented by Alexander Graham Bell.

6. This house was being built by him.

7. A quiz was being announced by our teacher.

8. Towels were being washed by the maid.

9. The jogger was being bitten by a dog.

10. The lion was being killed by a hunter.

Change the active sentences to passive ones.

Example : We were helping him.

He was being helped by us.

1. She was opening the door.

2. You were inviting me to the party.

3. Waitresses and waiters were serving customers.

4. The teacher was explaining the lesson.

5. They were suggesting a new idea.

6. Two horses were pulling the farmer’s wagon.

7. She was returning those books to the library.

8. Alice was making that pie.

9. He was painting your house.

10. We were watching TV yesterday.

Past Perfect Tense

Change the active sentences to passive ones.

Example : She had sold the bear.

The bear had been sold by her.

1. He had mailed the letter.

2. They had repaired my shoes.

3. We had organized a student trip to the Eiffel Tower.

4. The architecture had built that building.

5. I had recognized her language.

6. I had heard to funny story from them.

7. The government had accepted the “Loyal Communication College”.

8. The postman had delivered many mails.

9. People had read the morning paper.

10. They had written that composition.

Change the passive sentences to active ones.

Example : I had been accepted by that university.

That university had accepted me.

1. The garbage had been collected by many people in the village.

2. Suez Canal had been built by Ferdinand de Lesep.

3. The wine had been drunk by them.

4. Beers and wine had been served by the waiters in the restaurant.

5. The party had been visited by the president.

6. The blanket had been washed by us.

7. The bird had been bitten by a dog.

8. The news had been read by my parents.

9. My old car had been sold by my sister.

10. Many people had been employed by that company.

Passive Modal Auxiliaries.

Active Modal Auxiliaries	Passive Modal Auxiliaries
Bob will mail it. Bob can mail it. Bob should mail it. Bob ought to mail it. Bob must mail it. Bob has to mail it. Bob may mail it. Bob might mail it.	It will be mailed by Bob. It can be mailed by Bob. It should be mailed by Bob. It ought to mailed by Bob. It must be mailed by Bob. It has to be mailed by Bob. It may be mailed by Bob. It might be mailed by Bob.	Modal auxiliaries are often used in the passive. Form: Modal + BE + past participle

Change the active sentences to passive ones.

Example : She might cancel class.

Class might be canceled by her.

1. He should tell the news a long time ago.

2. You must keep meat in a refrigerator.

3. I couldn’t open the window.

4. We may offer a job soon.

5. They can invite us to the picnic.

6. She can see the entire valley from their mountain home.

7. He will marry her as soon as possible.

8. A child can buy anything at the toys store.

9. Donna has to translate this book into English.

10. We must try to open the wardrobe.

Change the passive sentences to active ones.

Example : The window can’t be opened by her.

She can’t open the window.

1. This book had better be returned by you to the library today.

2. My thesis can be read by my consultant.

3. Your task must be stopped by you right now.

4. This application letter should be sent to the manager by them.

5. Those dirty clothes must be washed by us.

6. The picture will be painted by her.

7. This bill has to be paid by John.

8. The letter ought to be sent immediately by me.

9. The money may be kept in the bank by my parents.

10. The news should be informed to all people in this world.

Agreement and Dissagreement

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AGREEMENT AND DISAGREEMENT

COMPLETE AGREEMENT

More formal

Less formal

I agree completely…

That’s just what I think, of course.

In my opinion, you are correct.

I couldn’t agree more.

You’re right.

Sure.

TENTATIVE AGREEMENT

I suppose you’re right.

Well, may be…

INDIRECT DISAGREEMENT

I’m not sure I can agree.

I wonder if there’s a mistake.

In my opinion…

Are you absolutely sure?

I may be wrong, but…

But I thought…

Really?

Oh, I don’t know.

Yes, but…

DIRECT DISAGREEMENT

More formal

Less formal

I’m sorry, but I have to disagree.

I couldn’t agree less.

I couldn’t disagree more.

I refuse to believe that…*

No, that’s wrong.*

You’re dead wrong.*

Nope.*

No way!*

Uh-uh!*

AGREEMENT AND DISAGREEMENT

Agreement

A : This summer has been a bad one, hasn’t it?

B : Yes, it has. /Yes, it has, hasn’t it?

Note that in the question the speaker often invites agreement:

A : I don’t think it’s necessary to wait for her, do you?

B : No, I don’t./ No, I don’t think it is.

Often words such as certainly and quiet are added:

A : They are a very good class, aren’t they?

B : Yes, they certainly are.

A : What we need is a strong government.

B : I quiet agree.

A : In my opinion, something should be done about it.

B : You’re quite right.

A : She’s got too much make up on, hasn’t she?
B : Yes, she sure has.

Disagreement

Patterns for polite disagreement are less easy to distinguish. One should avoid being abrupt when disagreeing in English: Some tact is required. Some of the expressions to “soften the blow” are:

Well oh (ou) personally as a matter of fact

For example:

A : These students are wonderful, aren’t they?

B : Oh, do you really think so?

A : What a charming city Jakarta is, isn’t it?

B : Well, as a matter of fact I prefer Bandung.

A : Don’t you think she looks awful in that dress?

B : Oh, I don’t know.

A : It’s very warm today, isn’t it?

B : Oh, not really.

A : Agatha Christie is such a wonderful writer, don’t you think?

B : Well, as a matter of fact I’m not very keen on her.

A : It looks a rather crowded in here.

B : Oh, it’s not too bad.

A : I think we ought to be leaving now, don’t you?

B : Oh, surely not. It’s only half past ten.

So ending

The word so is often used in answering questions and when either agreeing or disagreeing. It is used especially with such words as:

Think believe expect suppose hope be afraid

Note : Stress the verb, not the so.

A : Is Robin coming to the party?

B : No, I don’t think so.

A : But his wife’s coming, isn’t she?

B : Yes, I believe so.

A : They’ll be here soon, won’t they?

B : Yes, I expect so.

A : I don’t suppose we shall be there before Monday.

B : No, I don’t suppose so.

A : The boss will make a long speech, won’t she?

B : Yes, I suppose so.

A : It looks like rain, doesn’t it?

B : Yes, I’m afraid so.

A : I expect it will clear up later.

B : I hope so.

Note :

1. Doubt is followed by it. Again the verb is stressed. Not the it.

A : I don’t suppose they’ll come, do you?

B : I doubt it.

A : I don’t think they’ll reply, do you?

B : I doubt it.

2. Observe also the use of not, especially with afraid and hope.

A : Could you come at ten?

B : No, I’m afraid not.

A : I’m afraid the match will have to be cancelled.

B : Oh, I hope not.

"IRA" Zone

Preposition of Time

Gerunds

Adjective Clause

Tenses

Contoh Narrative Text

WHO LIKED TO BOAST

Read the story. Fill in the blanks.

THE COUNTRY OF THE MICE

THE SPARROW WITH NO TONGUE

THE KING’S JUDGEMENT

THE MAGIC STICK

HOW THE FROG DEFEATED THE GIANT

Active & Passive Exercise

Simple Past

Change the passive sentences to active ones.

Future Tense

Past Perfect Tense

Passive Modal Auxiliaries

It will be mailed by Bob.

Agreement and Dissagreement

COMPLETE AGREEMENT

More formal

TENTATIVE AGREEMENT

More formal

Agreement

Disagreement